Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
https://revistasober.org/article/5d86a3eb0e8825d12782c050
Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
Original article

GOALS ANO OBJECTIVES OF FARMERS: THEORY, MEASUREMENT ANO EMPIRICAL RESULTS

GEORGE F. PATRICK

Downloads: 0
Views: 999

Abstract

Although neoclassical economic theory assumes that producers seek to maximize profit, real world decision-making involves consideration of multiple goals. Three ways of incorporating multiple goals into modais of the farm firin are briefly discussed. Thé "ranked goal", "substitution" and "satinicing" multiple goal models are contrasted in terrns of the decision-making process assumed and the type of empwical information required from goal measurement. Measurement techniques, developed primarily by psychologists, which can be used to measure farmers' goals are discussed. They are traditional pairad compar, isons, magnitude estimation, multidimensional scaling- and ~onjoint analysis. Thllr discussion stresses the demands that these techniques made on the respondent. ancf properties of the information derived in relation to the needs of mültiple goal models. Results of an empiricàl study of farmers' goals are briefly n,poned. Emphasia is given to the procedure used, difficultíes encountered and an 0'4!9rview of The paper concludes with some comparisons of .the methods~ difficultíes in ditflít• ing and measuring goals and some suggestions for further work.. lt it SU991$18d that application of these methods to economic poUcy may be a l1lOl'9'fertile fiefcf, than farmers' goals.

Keywords

multiple goals, theory of the fitm.

Referências

BARNETT, D.A.; BLAKE, B.F. ; McCARL, B. Goal programming via multidimensional scaling applied to senegalese subsistence· farms. Amar. J. Agr. Econ., 64:720-27, 1982.

BRADLEY, R. & TERRY. H. Rank analysis of incomplete block designs: the method of paired comparisons; Biometrika, 39 :324-45; 1952.

CARROLL, J.D. & ARABIE, P. Multidimensional scaling. Annual Rev. Psychol., 31 :607-49, 1980.

CARROLL, J. D. & CHANG, J. J. An analysis of individual differences in multidimensional scaling via N-way generalization of 'Eckart-Young' decomposi-· tion. Psychometrika, 35:238-389, 1970.

DAVID, H. A. The method of paired comparisons. New York, Hafner, 1963.

DOBBINS, C. L. & MAPP, H. P. A comparison of objective function structures used in a recursive goal programming-simulation model of farm growth. S. J. Agr. Econ., 14:9-16, 1982.

FERNANDEZ. A. Conjoint analysis: an appl ication to the importance of farmers' goals. West Lafayette, Purdue University, 1982. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Depanment ot Agrícultural Economics.

FITZSIMMONS, C. & HOLMES, E. Factors affecting farm family goals. Purdue Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bull.(163), 1958.

GASSON, R. Goals and values of" farmers. J. Agr. Econ., 24:521-37, 1973. GRÊEN, 1•. ~- & RAO, V, R Applied multidimensional scaling: a comparison of approaches and algorithms. New York, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1972.

GREEN, P. t. & TULL, D. S. Research for marketing decisions. -4 ed. Englewood Cliffs, N. J., Prentice-Hall, 1978.

GREEN, P. & Wl ND, Y. Multi-attribute decisions in marketing: a measurement appro.ich. H1nsdale, 111., Dryden Press, 1973.

HAMLIN, R. L. Ratio measurements for the social scíences. Social Forces, 50: 191-205, 1971.

HATCH, R. E.; HARMAN, W. L. ; EIDMAN, V. R. lncorpcr3ting multiple goals into the decision-making process: a simulation approach for firm growth analysis. S. J. Agr. Econ., 7:103-10, 1974.

JOHNSON, G. L. et alii. A study of managerial processes of midwestern farmers. Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press.

KEENEY, R. L. & RAI FFA, H. Decisions with multiple objectives: preferences and tradeoffs. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1976.

KRUSKAL, J. & WISH, M. Multidimensional scaling. Beverly Hills, Sage, 1978.

LEE, S, M. Goal programming for decision analysis. Philadelphia, Auerbach, 1972.

LUCE, R. Individual choice be~avior. New York, J. Wiley & Sons, 1959.

MOORE, W, L.; PESSEMIER, E. A ; LITTLE, T. E. Predicting brand purchase behavior: marketing application of the Schonemann and Wang unfolding model. J_ of Marketing Res., 16:203-10, 1979.

MOSTELLER, F. Remarks on the method of paired comparisons: the effect of an abberrant standard deviation ... Psychometrika, 16: 203-06, 1951.

MOSTELLER, F. Remarks on the method of paired comparisons: the least squares solution ... Psychometrika, 16: 3-9, 1951.

MOSTELLER, F. Remarks on the method of paired comparisons: a test of significance ... Psychometrika, 16: 207-18, 1951.

PATRICK, G. F. & BLAKE, B. F. Measurement and modeling of farmers' goals: án evaluation and suggestions. S. J. Agr. Econ_, 12:199-204, 1980.

PATRICK, G. F.; BLAKE, B. F.; WHITAKER,S.H, Farmers'goals:unidimensional ar multidimensional?. Amer. J. Agr. Econ., 65, forthcoming, 1983.

PATRICK, G. F.; BLAKE, B. F.; WHITAKER, S. H. Magnitude estimation: an application to farmers' risk-income preferences. W. J. Agr. Econ-, 6: 239-48, 1981.

PATRICK, G. F. & EISGRUBER, L. M. The impact of managerial ability and capital structure on farm firm growth. Amer. J. of Agr. Econ., 50: 491-506, 1968.

PATRICK, G. F. & KLIEBENSTEIN .. J. B. Multiple goals in farm firm decisionmaking: a social science perspective. Purdue Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull., (306), 1980.

ROSS, S. Criticai evaluation of S. S. Stevens· philosophy of measurement. ln: Logical foundations of psychological measurement. Copenhagen, Scandinavian University Books. 1964.

SCHONEMANN, P. H. On metric multidimensional scaling. Psychometrika, 35: 349-66, 1970.

SCHONEMANN, P. H. & WANG, M. M. An individual difference model for the multidimensional analysis of preference data. Psychometrika, 37: 275-309, 1972.

SIMON, H. A. Rational decision-making in business organization. Amer. Econ. Rev., 69: 493-513, 1979. SIMON, H. A. Theories of decision-making in economics in behavioral science. Amer. Econ. Rev., 49, 1959.

STEVENS, S. A metric for social concensus. Science, ( 151 l: 530-41, 1966.

THURSTONE, L. L. A law of comparativa judgment. Psy. Rev., 32: 273-86, 1927.

WHEELER, B. M. & RUSSELL, J. R. M. Goal programming and agricultura! planning. Oper. Res. Quart., 28:21-32, 1977.

WHITAKER, S. H. The measurement and representation of farmers' goals. West Lafayette, Purdue University, 1980. Unpublished M. S. thesis.

WIERENGA, B. Multidimensional models for the analysis of consumers' perceptions and preferences with respect to agricultura! and food products. J. of Agr. Econ., 31: 83-98, 1980.

WILLIS, C. E. & . PERLACK, R. D. Generating techniques and goal programming. Amer. J. Agr. Econ.,62:66-74, 1980.

YOUNG, F. W. & LEWYCHY J, R. ALSCAL -4. Carroboro, N. C., Data Analysis and Theory Associates, 1979. ZELENY, M. Multiple criteria decision making. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1982.


Submetido em:
17/02/1983

Aceito em:
13/10/1983

5d86a3eb0e8825d12782c050 resr Articles
Links & Downloads

resr

Share this page
Page Sections