Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
https://revistasober.org/article/doi/10.1590/1806-9479.2021.238884
Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
Original article

The value of forest recreation in Azorean public parks

O valor do recreio florestal nos parques florestais Açorianos

Fernando Lopes; Bruno Amaral

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2021.238884 resr, vol.59, n1, e238884, 2021
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Abstract

This study assesses the aggregated value of demand for forest recreation in the Azores using a regional travel cost model. Previous assessments of total economic value (TEV) of the Portuguese forest by Mendes (2005) and INCF (2006) consider both market services and non-market services. Non-timber benefits (NTB) such as recreation, carbon sequestration, protection of soil, and biodiversity were valued using value transfer methodologies. Forest recreation accounts for 0.65% of TEV using a unit transfer value of 2.75 Euros/per visit estimated by Loureiro and Albiac (1996). The present primary study assesses the value of forest recreation in the Azorean islands instead of a single site approach. A count data travel-cost model, taking into account characteristics of data from on-site face-to-face interviews, is used instead of contingent valuation. This study uses data from a survey of visitors to public forest parks in São Miguel, Terceira, and Pico. Visits to public forest parks are a significant component of forest recreation, attracting more than 18% of residents with an average of five trips per year. The typical visitant is male, 38 years of age, and has secondary education. Those interviewed engage in physical activities, walking and running, as well as picnics, an opportunity to meet friends and family during the summer. The profile of this summer visitors changes to a more hard engagement in running and walking activities during autumn and spring. 33% of visitors are fully satisfied with their visiting experience and the quality of public forest parks. The value of a daily visit is 13.66 euros, and the total economic value exceeds 3 million euros in all Azorean parks for 275 thousand visitors. A conservative assessment of the benefit of forest recreation is higher than the total market value of wood production.

Keywords

forest recreation demand, travel cost method, forest total economic value

Resumo

O presente estudo avalia o valor do recreio florestal com um modelo agregado regional das ilhas dos Açores. Avaliações anteriores do valor económico total (TEV) da floresta portuguesa por Mendes (2005) e INCF (2006) tiveram em consideração o valor de mercado dos serviços da floresta e o valor dos serviços não transacionados no mercado. Benefícios como o recreio florestal, o sequestro de carbono, proteção do solo e biodiversidade foram calculados usando a metodologia de transferência de valor. A componente do recreio florestal representa 0.65% do valor económico total usando o método de transferência unitária de valor com 2.75 euros/visita estimado para o Monte Brazil por Loureiro e Albiac (1996). Em vez da valorização dum único parque, usando a metodologia de valorização contingente adotada por Loureiro e Albiac (1996), adotamos um modelo com dados de contagem utilizando o método do custo de viagem com dados de entrevistas presenciais em múltiplos parques realizadas no verão de 2018. As visitas aos parques florestais das ilhas de S. Miguel, Terceira e Pico são a maior componente do recreio florestal, atraindo 18% dos residentes locais com uma média de cinco visitas anuais por residente. O visitante típico é do sexo masculino, com 38 anos de idade e escolaridade de nível secundário. Os entrevistados participam em atividades físicas, passeio e corrida, e atividades sociais como piqueniques e encontros com familiares e amigos no verão. Durante o outono e primavera, as atividades físicas como caminhada e corrida são as preferidas dos visitantes. Mais de 83% dos inquiridos estão completamente satisfeitos com a experiência da visita e a qualidade dos parques florestais públicos. O valor estimado para uma visita diária é de 13.66 euros, gerando um valor económico total de 3 milhões de euros para as 275 mil visitas anuais nos parques açorianos. O valor do recreio florestal estimado é superior ao valor de mercado da madeira de criptoméria produzida nos Açores. Esta estimativa parte dum valor conservador para o número total de visitas e o valor estimado agregado por visita, mas tem a vantagem de disponibilizar um valor agregado para uma região mais adequado à avaliação e definição de políticas regionais.

Palavras-chave

procura por recreio florestal, método do custo de viagem, valor económico total

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Submetido em:
18/10/2019

Aceito em:
19/05/2020

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