Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
https://revistasober.org/article/doi/10.1590/1806-9479.2023.267198
Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Rural poverty, network ties and institutional forces: an analysis of empirical evidence in Aguascalientes, Mexico

Pobreza rural, laços de rede e forças institucionais: uma análise de evidências empíricas em Aguascalientes, México

Neftali Parga-Montoya; Héctor Cuevas-Vargas

Downloads: 1
Views: 107

Abstract

The research objectives are: 1) to determine the effects that knowledge, educational and socio-cultural capabilities have on poverty reduction; 2) to determine the effects that collaborative networks have on knowledge, educational and socio-cultural capacities; and 3) to determine the effects of legal protection and government support on collaborative networks. The capability approach was taken as a theoretical basis to develop the study variables. We conducted an empirical study, using a sample of 95 farmers located in the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Important implications were obtained on the necessity to have network ties to impact capabilities that reduce rural poverty. One of the most important findings was not finding empirical evidence on the relationship between educational capabilities and the reduction of rural poverty. For this reason, this situation must be reviewed in-depth by the educational policy of the region. Farmers who reported having better socio-cultural capacities had the greatest effects in reducing poverty within their rural communities. Similarly, collaborative networks favor knowledge capacities because important information is shared through social and economic actors.

Keywords

institutional forces, networks ties, rural poverty, structural equation modelling

Resumo

Resumo: Os objetivos da pesquisa são: 1) determinar os efeitos que o conhecimento, as capacidades educacionais e socioculturais têm na redução da pobreza; 2) determinar os efeitos que as redes colaborativas têm no conhecimento, nas capacidades educacionais e socioculturais; e 3) determinar os efeitos da proteção legal e do apoio governamental nas redes colaborativas. A abordagem de capacidade foi tomada como base teórica para desenvolver as variáveis ​​do estudo. Conduzimos um estudo empírico, usando uma amostra de 95 agricultores localizados no estado de Aguascalientes, México. Implicações importantes foram obtidas sobre a necessidade de ter laços de rede para impactar capacidades que reduzam a pobreza rural. Uma das descobertas mais importantes foi não encontrar evidências empíricas sobre a relação entre capacidades educacionais e a redução da pobreza rural. Por esse motivo, essa situação deve ser revisada em profundidade pela política educacional da região. Os agricultores que relataram ter melhores capacidades socioculturais tiveram os maiores efeitos na redução da pobreza em suas comunidades rurais. Da mesma forma, as redes colaborativas favorecem as capacidades de conhecimento porque informações importantes são compartilhadas por meio de atores sociais e econômicos.

Palavras-chave

forças institucionais, laços de redes, pobreza rural, modelagem de equações estruturais

Referências

Alatas, V., Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Olken, B., & Tobias, J. (2010). Targeting the poor (NBER Working Paper, No. 15980). Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Alkire, S. (2003). The capability approach as a development paradigm?Development, 7, 1-18. Retrieved in 2022, August 25, from http://www.capabilityapproach.com/pubs/461CAtraining_Alkire.pdf

Alkire, S. (2008). Choosing dimensions: the capability approach and multidimensional poverty. In N. Kakwani & J. Silber (Eds.), The many dimensions of poverty (pp. 89-119). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476-487. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.11.006

Aryee, S., Budhwar, P. S., & Chen, Z. X. (2002). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: test of a social exchange model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(3), 267-285. http://doi.org/10.1002/job.138

Ataguba, J. E. O., Ichoku, H. E., & Fonta, W. M. (2013). Multidimensional poverty assessment: applying the capability approach. International Journal of Social Economics, 40(4), 331-354. http://doi.org/10.1108/03068291311305017

Banerjee, A. V., Cole, S., Duflo, E., & Linden, L. (2007). Remedying education: evidence from two randomized experiments in India. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1235-1264. http://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.122.3.1235

Banerjee, A., & Duflo, E. (2011). Poor economics: a radical rethinking of the way to fight global poverty. New York: Public Affairs.

Banson, K. E., Nguyen, N. C., Bosch, O. J. H., & Nguyen, T. V. (2015). A systems thinking approach to address the complexity of agribusiness for sustainable development in Africa: a case study in Ghana. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 32(6), 672-688. http://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2270

Besharov, M. L., & Brickson, S. L. (2016). Organizational identity and institutional forces. In M. G. Pratt, M. Schultz, B. E. Ashforth & D. Ravasi (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of organizational identity (pp. 396–414). New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved in 2022, August 25, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marya_Besharov/publication/270889245_Organizational_identity_and_institutional_forces_Toward_an_integrative_framework/links/5641620008aec448fa607d11.pdf

Bollen, K., & Lennox, R. (1991). Conventional wisdom on measurement: a structural equation perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 110(2), 305-314. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.305

Boza, S., Mora, M., Osorio, F., & Muñoz, J. (2019). Family farmers’ reluctance toward incorporating into the formal economy. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales, 18(2), 75-92. http://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2018.02.04

Cai, S., Jun, M., & Yang, Z. (2010). Implementing supply chain information integration in China: the role of institutional forces and trust. Journal of Operations Management, 28(3), 257-268. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2009.11.005

Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Cin, F. M., Karlıdağ-Dennis, E., & Temiz, Z. (2020). Capabilities-based gender equality analysis of educational policy-making and reform in Turkey. Gender and Education, 32(2), 244-261. http://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2018.1484429

Claridge, T. (2018). Functions of social capital: bonding, bridging, linking. Social Capital Research, (January), 1-7.

Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 309-319. http://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555

Cuevas-Vargas, H., Parga-Montoya, N., & Fernández-Escobedo, R. (2019). Effects of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance: the mediating role of customer satisfaction: a formative–reflective model analysis. SAGE Open, 9(2), 1-14. http://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019859088

Davidsson, P., Hunter, E., & Klofsten, M. (2006). Institutional forces: the invisible hand that shapes venture ideas? International Small Business Journal, 24(2), 115-131. http://doi.org/10.1177/0266242606061834

Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

Dotter, C., & Klasen, S. (2020). An absolute multidimensional poverty measure in the functioning space (and relative measure in the resource space): an illustration using Indian data. In V. Beck, H. Hahn & R. Lepenies (Eds.), Dimensions of poverty: measurement, epistemic injustices, activism (pp. 225-261). Cham: Springer. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31711-9_14.

Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. Ohio: University of Akron Press.

Ferreira, F., & Sánchez-Páramo, C. (2017, October 13). A richer array of international poverty lines: let’s talk development. Washington: World Bank.

Fombad, M. (2018). Knowledge management for poverty eradication: a South African perspective. Journal of Information. Communication and Ethics in Society, 16(2), 193-213. http://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-04-2017-0022

Fonte, M., & Cucco, I. (2017). Cooperatives and alternative food networks in Italy. The long road towards a social economy in agriculture. Journal of Rural Studies, 53, 291-302. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.01.019

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. http://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Gale, T., & Molla, T. (2015). Social justice intents in policy: an analysis of capability for and through education. Journal of Education Policy, 30(6), 810-830. http://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2014.987828

Ganguly, A., Talukdar, A., & Chatterjee, D. (2019). Evaluating the role of social capital, tacit knowledge sharing, knowledge quality and reciprocity in determining innovation capability of an organization. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(6), 1105-1135. http://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2018-0190

Godinot, X., & Walker, R. (2020). Poverty in all its forms: determining the dimensions of poverty through merging knowledge. In V. Beck, H. Hahn & R. Lepenies (Eds.), Dimensions of poverty: measurement, epistemic injustices, activism (pp. 263-279). Cham: Springer. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31711-9_15.

Goodhand, J. (2003). Enduring disorder and persistent poverty: A review of the linkages between war and chronic poverty. World Development, 31(3), 629-646. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00009-3

Granovetter, M. (2002). Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. Journal of Economic Sociology, 3(3), 44-58. http://doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2002-3-44-58

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6

Hannon, C., Faas, D., & O’Sullivan, K. (2017). Widening the educational capabilities of socio-economically disadvantaged students through a model of social and cultural capital development. British Educational Research Journal, 43(6), 1225-1245. http://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3309

Hansen, H., Randolph, A., Chen, S., Robinson, R. E., Marin, A., & Lee, J. H. (2015). Institutional judo: how entrepreneurs use institutional forces to create change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(6), 1076-1093. http://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-05-2015-0074

Heckman, J. J., & Corbin, C. O. (2016). Capabilities and skills. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 17(3), 342-359. http://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2016.1200541

Henke, R., & Vanni, F. (2017). Drivers of on-farm diversification in the Italian peri-urban agriculture. Review of Agricultural Economics, 72(1), 79-100.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Jarvis, C. B., Mackenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., Giliatt, N., & Mee, J. F. (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer tesearch. The Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 199-218. http://doi.org/10.1086/376806

Jiang, X., Liu, H., Fey, C., & Jiang, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, network resource acquisition, and firm performance: a network approach. Journal of Business Research, 87, 46-57. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.021

Ketchen Junior, D. J. (2013). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 184-185. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002

Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.

Krom, M. P. M. M. (2017). Farmer participation in agri-environmental schemes: regionalisation and the role of bridging social capital. Land Use Policy, 60, 352-361. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.026

Li, Y., Pickles, A., & Savage, M. (2005). Social capital and social trust in Britain. European Sociological Review, 21(2), 109-123. http://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jci007

Lohmöller, J.-B. (1989). Latent variable path modeling with partial least squares. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52512-4.

Luu, N., & Ngo, L. V. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and social ties in transitional economies. Long Range Planning, 52(1), 103-116. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.04.001

Méndez-Lemus, Y., & Vieyra, A. (2017). How social capital enables or restricts the livelihoods of poor peri-urban farmers in Mexico. Development in Practice, 27(3), 301-315. http://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2017.1296109

Molla, T., & Gale, T. (2015). Inequality in Ethiopian higher education: reframing the problem as capability deprivation. Discourse, 36(3), 383-397. http://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2013.871447

Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (2009). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266. http://doi.org/10.2307/259373

Naminse, E. Y., & Zhuang, J. (2018). Does farmer entrepreneurship alleviate rural poverty in China? Evidence from Guangxi province. PLoS One, 13(3), 1-18. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194912

Naminse, E. Y., Zhuang, J., & Zhu, F. (2019). The relation between entrepreneurship and rural poverty alleviation in China. Management Decision, 57(9), 2593-2611. http://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2017-1153

Nussbaum, M. C. (2013). Creating capabilities: the human development approach. Harvard: Harvard University Press. http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt2jbt31.

Osei, C. D., & Zhuang, J. (2020). Rural poverty alleviation strategies and social capital link: the mediation role of women entrepreneurship and social innovation. SAGE Open, 10(2). http://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020925504

Partir, H. A., & Escuela, D. E. U. N. A. (2018). Condiciones de la educación rural en México: hallazgos a partir de una escuela multigrado. Chakiñan: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 5, 40-53.

Peppin Vaughan, R. (2016). Education, social justice and school diversity: Insights from the capability approach. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 17(2), 206-224. http://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2015.1076775

Pratiwi, A., & Suzuki, A. (2017). Effects of farmers’ social networks on knowledge acquisition: Lessons from agricultural training in rural Indonesia. Journal of Economic Structures, 6(1), 8. http://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-017-0069-8

Ringle, C. M., Wende, C. M., & Becker, J. M. (2015). Smart PLS 3. Boenningstedt: SmartPLS GmbH. Retrieved in 2022, August 25, from http://www.smartpls.com

Robeyns, I. (2005). The capability approach: a theoretical survey. Journal of Human Development, 6(1), 93-117. http://doi.org/10.1080/146498805200034266

Robeyns, I. (2017). Wellbeing, freedom and social justice (1st ed.). Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. Retrieved in 2022, August 25, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1zkjxgc

Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Hardy, D. (2015). Addressing poverty and inequality in the rural economy from a global perspective. Applied Geography, 61, 11-23. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.02.005

Rosenman, E. (2019). The geographies of social finance: poverty regulation through the ‘invisible heart’ of markets. Progress in Human Geography, 43(1), 141-162. http://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517739142

Sadri, A. M., Ukkusuri, S. V., Lee, S., Clawson, R., Aldrich, D., Nelson, M. S., Seipel, J., & Kelly, D. (2018). The role of social capital, personal networks, and emergency responders in post-disaster recovery and resilience: a study of rural communities in Indiana. Natural Hazards, 90(3), 1377-1406. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-3103-0

Saint Ville, A. S., Hickey, G. M., Locher, U., & Phillip, L. E. (2016). Exploring the role of social capital in influencing knowledge flows and innovation in smallholder farming communities in the Caribbean. Food Security, 8(3), 535-549. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0581-y

Sanz, R., Peris, J. A., & Escámez, J. (2017). Higher education in the fight against poverty from the capabilities approach: the case of Spain. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 2(2), 53-66. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.03.002

Sargani, G. R., Deyi, Z., Magsi, H., Noonari, S., Joyo, M. A., & Kazmi, S. M. M. (2018). An empirical study of attitude towards entrepreneurial intention among Pakistan and China agricultural graduates in agribusiness. The Int. J. Bsi. Manage. Techno, 5(5), 21-34.

Sen, A. (1979). Equality of what: the Tanner lecture on human values (Vol. 1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sen, A. (2008). The idea of justice. Journal of Human Development, 9(3), 331-342. http://doi.org/10.1080/14649880802236540

Shane, S., & Cable, D. (2002). Network ties, reputation, and the financing of new ventures. Management Science, 48(3), 364-381. http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.3.364.7731

Slade Shantz, A., Kistruck, G., & Zietsma, C. (2018). The opportunity not taken: the occupational identity of entrepreneurs in contexts of poverty. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(4), 416-437. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.02.003

Sobrino, J. (2014). Migración interna y tamaño de localidad en México. Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, 29(3), 443. http://doi.org/10.24201/edu.v29i3.1468

Streukens, S., & Leroi-Werelds, S. (2016). Bootstrapping and PLS-SEM: a step-by-step guide to get more out of your bootstrap results. European Management Journal, 34(6), 618-632. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2016.06.003

Tackie, E. A., Chen, H., Ahakwa, I., Atingabilli, S., Ansah, K. A., & Baku, R. (2020). Integration of economic, educational and socio cultural capabilities for rural poverty alleviation in northern Ghana. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 5(1), 528-535. Retrieved in 2022, August 25, from https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37988.pdf

Tang, J. (2010). How entrepreneurs discover opportunities in China: an institutional view. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(3), 461-479. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-009-9151-6

Trani, J. F., Kuhlberg, J., Cannings, T., & Chakkal, D. (2016). Multidimensional poverty in Afghanistan: Who are the poorest of the poor? Oxford Development Studies, 44(2), 220-245. http://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2016.1160042

Urquhart, C., Liyanage, S., & Kah, M. M. O. (2008). ICTs and poverty reduction: a social capital and knowledge perspective. Journal of Information Technology, 23(3), 203-213. http://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000121

Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: guidelines and empirical illustration. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 33(1), 177-195. http://doi.org/10.2307/20650284

Yiu, D. W., Lau, C. M., & Bruton, G. D. (2007). International venturing by emerging economy firms: The effects of firm capabilities, home country networks, and corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 519-540. http://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400278

Zhang, X., & Venkatesh, V. (2017). A nomological network of knowledge management system use: Antecedents and consequences. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 41(4), 1275-1306. http://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2017/41.4.12

Zhizhang, W., & Zili, L. I. U. (2014). Take measures : Knowledge poverty alleviation for contiguous poor areas: a case study of the Wuling Mountain area. Studies in Sociology of Science, 5(1), 20-27.
 


Submetido em:
25/08/2022

Aceito em:
26/03/2024

67193a37a9539501d408fae8 resr Articles
Links & Downloads

resr

Share this page
Page Sections