Empoderamento feminino na agricultura: um estudo na Lar Cooperativa Agroindustrial (Paraná)
Women’s empowerment in agriculture: a study at Lar Cooperativa Agroindustrial (Paraná)
Roberta Vedana; Pery Francisco Assis Shikida; Marcos de Oliveira Garcias; Mary Paula Arends-Kuenning
Resumo
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Abstract:: The objective of this work was to measure and analyze the empowerment of women, mostly farmers, who were members of Lar Cooperativa Agroindustrial themselves or affiliated with the cooperative through their husbands’ memberships. Results were based on, primary data collected through questionnaires applied to 150 husband-and-wife farm couples, totaling 300 respondents. Based on these data, an adaptation of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was constructed. The result of the adapted WEAI empowerment score for women indicated that they were empowered, as they met the standards for more than 80% of the indicators considered. The sensitivity test regarding other cutoff points confirmed this result. However, although women presented a high level of empowerment, the disparity between genders in favor of men still persisted. In other words, it is evident that, despite the high status of women in agriculture in the western region of Paraná, the gap between genders in favor of men prevails. Finally, it was found that respondents have a positive perception towards entrepreneurship and recognize the importance of activities that encourage greater female participation in agriculture, especially for those activities promoted by the Cooperative.
Keywords
Referências
Akter, S., Rutsaert, P., Luis, J., Htwe, N. M., San, S. S., Raharjo, B., & Pustika, A. (2017). Women’s empowerment and gender equity in agriculture: a different perspective from Southeast Asia.
Alkire, S., Meinzen-Dick, R., Peterman, A., Quisumbing, A. R., Seymour, G., & Vaz, A. (2013a). The women’s empowerment in agriculture index.
Alkire, S., Malapit, H., Meinzen-Dick, R., Peterman, A., Quisumbing, A. R., Seymour, G., & Vaz, A. (2013b).
Avesui América Latina. (2019).
Baig, I. A., Batool, Z., Ali, A., Baig, S. A., Hashim, M., & Zia-Ur-Rehman, M. (2017). Impact of women empowerment on rural development in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.
Birck, L. G., Uribe-Opazo, M. A., Gimenes, R. M. T., & Staduto, J. A. R. (2008). A contribuição econômica da cooperativa agroindustrial lar para o desenvolvimento local.
Brasil. (2019a). Decreto nº 9.661, de 1º de janeiro de 2019. Dispõe sobre o valor do salário mínimo e a sua política de valorização de longo prazo.
Brasil. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento – MAPA. (2019b).
Camarano, A. A., & Abramovay, R. (1999).
Carneiro, M. J. (2001). Herança e gênero entre agricultores familiares.
Centro de Estudos Avançados em Economia Aplicada – CEPEA. (2018). Mulheres no agronegócio.
Diiro, G. M., Seymour, G., Kassie, M., Muricho, G., & Muriithi, B. W. (2018). Women’s empowerment in agriculture and agricultural productivity: evidence from rural maize farmer households in Western Kenya.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – FAO. (2018).
Gupta, S., Pingali, P. L., & Pinstrup-Andersen, P. (2017). Women’s empowerment in Indian agriculture: does market orientation of farming systems matter?
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. (2020).
Kishor, S., & Subaiya, L. (2008).
Kiyota, N., & Perondi, M. A. (2014). Sucessão geracional na agricultura familiar: uma questão de renda? In A. M. Buainain, E. Alves, J. M. Silveira & Z. Navarro (Eds.),
Kiyota, N., Perondi, M. A., Simonetti, D., & Valandro, K. (2012). A sucessão geracional da agricultura familiar no Sudoeste do Paraná: um estudo de caso no município Itapejara d'Oeste entre 2005 e 2010. In
Klauck, S. (2004).
Lar Cooperativa Agroindustrial. (2020).
Malapit, H. J. L., & Quisumbing, A. R. (2015). What dimensions of women’s empowerment in agriculture matter for nutrition in Ghana?
Malapit, H., Pinkstaff, C., Sproule, K., Kovarik, C., Quisumbing, A., & Meinzen-Dick, R. (2017).
Malhotra, A., & Schuler, S. R. (2005). Women’s empowerment as a variable in international development. In D. Narayan (Ed.),
Marins, M. T. A. (2017). Symbolic and Gender Boundaries among the Bolsa Familia Beneficiaries.
Menasche, R., & Escher, S. (1996).
Paulilo, M. I. (1987). O peso do trabalho leve.
Petesch, P., Smulovitz, C., & Walton, M. (2005). Evaluating empowerment: a framework with cases from Latin America. In D. Narayan (Ed.),
Petros, S., Abay, F., Desta, G., & O’Brien, C. (2018). Women farmers’ (dis)empowerment compared to men farmers in Ethiopia.
Piacenti, C., Ferrera de Lima, J., & Piffer, M. (2001).
Piffer, M. (1997).
Reis, M. B. (2017).
Rippel, R. (1995).
Rippel, R. (2005).
Sen, A. K. (2000).
Seymour, G. (2017). Women’s empowerment in agriculture: implications for technical efficiency in rural Bangladesh.
Sharaunga, S., Mudhara, M., & Bogale, A. (2015). The impact of ‘women’s empowerment in agriculture’ on household vulnerability to food insecurity in the KwaZulu-Natal Province.
Spanevello, R. M. (2019). Inserções de jovens mulheres em programas de crédito rural. In J. O. B. Marin & J. M. Froehlich (Eds.),
Sraboni, E., & Quisumbing, A. R. (2018). Women’s empowerment in agriculture and dietary quality across the life course: evidence from Bangladesh.
Sraboni, E., Malapit, H. J., Quisumbing, A. R., & Ahmed, A. U. (2014). Women’s empowerment in agriculture: what role for food security in Bangladesh?
Staduto, J. A. R. (2015). Desenvolvimento e gênero: um olhar sobre o rural a partir da perspectiva de Amartya Sem. In J. A. R. Staduto, M. Souza & C. A. Nascimento (Eds.),
Staduto, J. A. R., Nascimento, C. A., & Souza, M. (2013). Ocupações e renda das mulheres e homens no rural do estado do Paraná, Brasil: uma perspectiva de gênero.
Tsiboe, F., Zereyesus, Y. A., Popp, J. S., & Osei, E. (2018). The effect of women’s empowerment in agriculture on household nutrition and food poverty in Northern Ghana.
United Nations Children’s Fund – UNICEF. (2000).
Woortmann, E. F., & Woortmann, K. (1997).
Wright, W., & Annes, A. (2016). Farm women and the empowerment potential in value-added agriculture.
Zereyesus, Y. A. (2017). Women’s empowerment in agriculture and household-level health in Northern Ghana: a capability approach.
Zimmermann, S. A., Garcias, M. O., & Basso, D. (2019). Participação e empoderamento das mulheres em espaços cooperativos. In
Submetido em:
12/05/2020
Aceito em:
21/02/2022